Symptoms and Treatment
By Tina Opelt, APNP, FNP-BC, Family Nurse Practitioner
The average age of menopause—the end of menstrual cycles—in the United States is 51. However, symptoms of “the change” can begin up to 10 years earlier, during perimenopause.
These hormone changes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life. While some women experience mild symptoms, many experience one or more of the following:
- Hot flashes
- Night sweats
- Sleep disturbances
- Mood changes and irritability
- Depression and low energy
- Joint aches and pains
- Painful intercourse
Hormone therapy can be highly effective in improving many symptoms of menopause and perimenopause. However, timing matters. Starting hormone therapy after age 60 may be less effective and is associated with a slightly increased risk of breast cancer, blood clots, stroke, and heart attack.
It’s important to note that the absolute risk of breast cancer with combination hormone therapy is low. Your individual risk should be evaluated by your healthcare provider before starting treatment.
Hormone therapy is not recommended for weight loss, osteoporosis prevention or treatment, or for preventing dementia. It may provide some benefit for cholesterol levels.
If menopause or perimenopause symptoms are affecting your daily life, talk with your provider about your health history and treatment options.
Health Matters Monthly Column // April 2026
Tina Opelt, APNP, FNP-BC, is a family nurse practitioner for NorthLakes Community Clinic in Augusta, Wisconsin, where everyone is served, regardless of their ability to pay, ensuring that all residents of northern Wisconsin have access to quality healthcare. For more information, visit nlccwi.org.
