By Tina Opelt, APNP, FNP-BC, Family Nurse Practitioner
Cortisol has become a buzzword on social media, and many people are now requesting to have their cortisol levels checked. Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, which sit on top of the kidneys. It is known as the body’s steroid hormone. Cortisol is best known for its role in our fight-or-flight response to stress or perceived threats.
In stressful situations — like being chased by a bear — cortisol is released to give us a quick burst of energy. It raises our blood sugar and increases our level of alertness. Other hormones, such as adrenaline, are also released in these moments. For now, we’ll focus on cortisol.
In real danger, cortisol is essential for survival. In small doses, it is both necessary and helpful. However, when we live with chronic stress — physical or psychological — cortisol can stay elevated for too long. High cortisol levels can affect digestion, metabolism, blood pressure, skin and joint inflammation, sleep patterns, memory, concentration and mood. It can also affect our ability to fight infections, our appetite and our overall energy levels. Many organs, including the liver, pancreas, bones and muscles, can be harmed by long-term elevations in stress-related cortisol.
Cushing syndrome is a rare medical condition caused by consistently high levels of cortisol. Your medical provider can order tests to check for this if symptoms raise concern. Signs may include a fatty hump between the shoulders, a rounded moon face and pink or purple stretch marks on the stomach, hips, thighs, chest or underarms. Elevated blood pressure and blood sugar can also occur. Specific blood tests can help rule out this rare disease.
People who are worried about possible elevated cortisol levels caused by chronic stress are encouraged to focus on reducing life stressors. Helpful steps include eating healthy foods rich in fruits, vegetables and lean protein; drinking more water; getting daily physical activity or exercise; focusing on a regular sleep schedule; and speaking with a behavioral health therapist or health coach. Beware of false claims by the billion-dollar supplement industry, which capitalizes on vague yet common symptoms caused by real-life stressors.
Health Matters Monthly Column // December 2025
Tina Opelt, APNP, FNP-BC, is a family nurse practitioner for NorthLakes Community Clinic in Augusta, Wisconsin, where
everyone is served, regardless of their ability to pay, ensuring that all residents of northern Wisconsin have access to quality
healthcare. For more information, visit nlccwi.org.
